The term "organic" has evolved significantly over time. Originally, it simply referred to something living or derived from living matter. Thus, the concept of an "inorganic tomato" is inherently contradictory—unless, perhaps, you’re referring to a tomato-shaped glass ornament. With few exceptions (salt being one), all food can be considered "organic" in this fundamental sense.

The Historical Context of "Organic"

The specific definition of "organic" that we recognize today in relation to food emerged in 1942 with J. I. Rodale's launch of Organic Gardening. While he was a pioneer in promoting organic farming practices, at the time, he faced criticism and skepticism. Rodale emphasized the importance of maintaining soil health by using organic matter—like animal manure or compost—rather than relying on synthetic fertilizers, which were increasingly popular.

Initially, Rodale’s focus was primarily on the fertilizers and farming methods rather than the food itself. However, the term "organic farming" quickly expanded beyond this narrow scope. Various associations of organic farmers began to advocate for broader definitions that encompassed not just soil health, but also biodiversity, animal welfare, and sustainable practices.

The Evolution of Organic Standards

As the movement grew, so did the diversity of interpretations regarding organic farming. This complexity led to confusion among consumers, as different organizations offered various "organic" labels with unclear meanings.

In 1990, the U.S. Congress sought to clarify this confusion by authorizing the Department of Agriculture to create legally enforceable "USDA Organic" standards. By 2002, a set of standards was established that most organic farmers deemed a reasonable compromise. Key elements of these standards include:

• Crops must be grown without synthetic fertilizers or most synthetic pesticides and herbicides. Organic methods like crop rotation and cover cropping are encouraged to maintain soil fertility.
• Animals used for food must be fed organic grains, be free from growth hormones and antibiotics (except in cases of illness), and have outdoor access.
• Genetic engineering is strictly prohibited, and organic food cannot be irradiated.

These standards ensure that consumers can trust that products labeled as organic meet specific criteria.

Understanding the concept of "organic" is crucial for making informed food choices. The evolution of the term reflects a growing awareness of sustainable agricultural practices and the importance of soil health. By adhering to established standards, the organic movement continues to promote environmentally and socially responsible food production, helping consumers make healthier choices for themselves and the planet.